Slope conductance was significantly lower in FD patients

Slope conductance was significantly lower in FD patients. Increased SCC is a direct result of secretion of negative ions to the duodenal lumen or flow of positive ions in the opposite direction and in the duodenum, bicarbonate secretion and hydrogen ion absorption are considered to be the most relevant fluxes. was lower in FD ( 0.001). Mean number of 5-HT stained cells per high power field was the same [34.4 8.4 in FD (= 15) and 30.4 3.7 in controls (= 18), = 0.647]. The following genes were highly expressed: 5-HT receptor HTR3E, HTR4, HTR7, SERT gene (SLC6A4) and TPH1. Differences in expression levels were observed for HTR3E (higher expression in FD, = 0.008), HTR7 (lower expression in FD, = 0.027), SLC6A4 (higher expression in FD, = 0.033) and TPH1 (lower expression in FD, = 0.031). CONCLUSION: Duodenal ion transport in response to exogenous 5-HT is abnormal in FD patients and associated with high expression of the HTR3E receptor and the serotonin transporter. or non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. Finafloxacin Over-consumption of alcohol was not present in any Finafloxacin subject. One of the FD patients and three of the healthy subjects reported being smokers. During gastroscopy, biopsies were obtained from the duodenum at the border between the duodenal bulb and the descending duodenum using standard biopsy forceps (Radial Jaw 4, outside diameter 2.4 mm, Boston Scientific, Denmark). In two FD patients and one healthy control a major part of the biopsies could not be obtained because the procedure was too distressing, while esophageal pathology was found in another healthy control. This meant that only 15 FD patients and 18 healthy controls were included, each with 8-10 biopsies available (out of 10 planned). Three of the biopsies were snap-frozen on dry ice for gene expression studies, one was stored in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde solution for subsequent immunohistochemical evaluation and up to four biopsies were placed in ice-cold Ringer solution for immediate mounting in Ussing chambers. Finally, one biopsy from the gastric antrum and one from the gastric corpus were stored in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde solution for subsequent histological analysis for detection. Mounting of biopsies and electrical measurements Duodenal biopsies were transported to the laboratory in ice-cold bicarbonate-Ringer solution and 2-4 successfully mounted within 30 min in modified Ussing air suction chambers. Use of 10 times magnification through a stereomicroscope (Nikon, Tokyo) ensured correct mucosa-serosa orientation and appropriate fixation. Biopsies were Rabbit Polyclonal to CADM2 fixed by constant air suction[17]. The exposed tissue area varied from 3.4 to 5 mm2, depending on the used insert, which was chosen to match the tissue size. The height of the (air) suction sleeve was 50 m. Both sides of the tissue were bathed in bicarbonate-Ringer solution containing (in mmol/L) 140 Na+, 4 K+, 121 Cl-, 1 Ca2+, 0.5 Mg2+, 0.5 SO42- and 25 HCO3-. In addition, 11 mmol/L 0.05 was considered Finafloxacin significant. RESULTS Electrophysiological measurements Mean basal SCC was 19.8 3.0 A/cm2 for FD patients (= 15) and 21.4 3.7 A/cm 2 for controls (= 18) with no significant difference between groups (= 0.749). As shown in Figure ?Figure1,1, comparison of basal conductance revealed significantly lower values for FD patients compared to healthy controls (42.4 4.7 mS/cm2 and 62.4 4.5 mS/cm2 respectively, = 0.005). Glucose control values after 5-HT stimulation yielded a mean magnitude of 12.5 2.0 A/cm2 for the FD group and 12.1 2.5 A/cm2 for controls (= 0.906). 5-HT induced a dose dependent SCC rise in both healthy controls and FD patients (Figure ?(Figure2).2). The 5-HT-induced rise in SCC was significantly lower in the latter ( 0.001). Open in a separate window Figure 1 Basal slope conductance of duodenal mucosa as measured in a.

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